INDUSTRY COMPONENT

Light Emitting Diode (LED)

A semiconductor light source used in optocouplers for electrical isolation and signal transmission.

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Component Specifications

Definition
A Light Emitting Diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits light when current flows through it. In optocouplers/isolators, the LED serves as the input-side light source that converts electrical signals into optical signals, which are then transmitted across an isolation barrier to a photodetector (like a phototransistor or photodiode) on the output side, providing galvanic isolation between circuits.
Working Principle
The LED operates on electroluminescence principle: when forward-biased, electrons recombine with holes in the semiconductor material (typically gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, or similar compounds), releasing energy in the form of photons. In optocouplers, this light emission is precisely controlled by input current to transmit digital or analog signals across an electrically isolated barrier.
Materials
Semiconductor materials: Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), Gallium Phosphide (GaP), Aluminum Gallium Arsenide (AlGaAs), or Gallium Arsenide Phosphide (GaAsP) for specific wavelength emission. Encapsulation: Epoxy resin or silicone for protection and optical coupling. Lead frame: Copper alloy with nickel or silver plating.
Technical Parameters
  • Wavelength 850-950nm (infrared) or 565-660nm (visible)
  • Viewing Angle 15-30 degrees
  • Rise/Fall Time 10-100ns
  • Forward Voltage 1.2-2.2V
  • Isolation Voltage 2500-5000Vrms
  • Radiant Intensity 3-20mW/sr
  • Operating Temperature -40°C to +100°C
Standards
ISO 9001, IEC 60747-5-2, JEDEC JESD22

Industry Taxonomies & Aliases

Commonly used trade names and technical identifiers for Light Emitting Diode (LED).

LED optocoupler isolation component signal transmission infrared LED photoelectric isolation industrial electronics Light Emitting Diode (LED) Light Emitting Diode (LED) in Computer, Electronic and Optical Product Manufacturing

Parent Products

This component is used in the following industrial products

Optocoupler/Isolator

An electronic component that transfers electrical signals between two isolated circuits using light, providing electrical isolation and noise immunity.

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Optocoupler / Isolation Circuit

An electronic component that transfers electrical signals between two isolated circuits using light, providing electrical isolation and noise immunity.

View Product Details

Optical Sensor Module

A modular optical sensing component that detects and measures physiological signals through light-based interaction with biological tissues.

View Product Details

Engineering Analysis

Risks & Mitigation
  • Thermal degradation reducing light output
  • Electrostatic discharge damage
  • Current overstress causing premature failure
  • Moisture ingress affecting optical coupling
FMEA Triads
Trigger: Excessive forward current or voltage spikes
Failure: LED catastrophic failure or reduced luminous intensity
Mitigation: Implement current limiting resistors, transient voltage suppression, and proper derating per datasheet specifications
Trigger: High ambient temperature or poor thermal management
Failure: Accelerated degradation and reduced operational lifespan
Mitigation: Design adequate heat dissipation, maintain junction temperature below maximum rating, use thermal interface materials
Trigger: Electrostatic discharge during handling or installation
Failure: Immediate or latent semiconductor damage
Mitigation: Follow ESD protection protocols, use grounded workstations, and implement proper packaging and handling procedures

Industrial Ecosystem

Compatible With

Interchangeable Parts

Compliance & Inspection

Tolerance
Forward voltage ±0.2V, wavelength ±10nm, radiant intensity ±15%
Test Method
IEC 60747-5-2 for optoelectronic devices, including luminous intensity measurement, isolation voltage testing, and environmental stress screening

Procurement Evaluation Criteria

Not customer reviews or live demand data. These dimensions support RFQ preparation and supplier evaluation.

Technical documentation
4/5
Manufacturing capability
4/5
Inspection readiness
5/5
Supplier transparency
3/5

These scores are example evaluation dimensions, not real customer ratings, country-specific buyer feedback, or live inquiry activity.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Why are infrared LEDs commonly used in optocouplers?

Infrared LEDs (850-950nm) are preferred because they offer higher efficiency, better coupling with silicon photodetectors, and minimal interference from ambient visible light in industrial environments.

How does LED degradation affect optocoupler performance?

LED light output degrades over time due to material aging, reducing current transfer ratio (CTR) and potentially causing signal transmission failures. Proper derating and thermal management extend operational life.

Can I contact factories directly?

Yes, each factory profile provides direct contact information.

Data Basis

CNFX manufacturer profiles, technical classification, publicly available product information, and ongoing plausibility checks.

Preliminary Technical Classification
This page supports structured research, RFQ preparation, and supplier evaluation. It does not replace buyer-led supplier qualification, standards review, or technical approval.

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